American economy faces ‘considerable uncertainty’

 Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen warned Tuesday that the US economy faces “considerable uncertainty” from slower domestic activity and from a possible British vote to break with the European Union.

Pointing to dragging hiring and business investment recently, and to the risk that a pro-Brexit vote will send shock waves through global markets, Yellen signalled that the Fed has become less optimistic about US growth over the short term and will proceed with great caution on plans to raise interest rates.

She said in testimony to the Senate Banking Committee that US growth has picked up noticeably in the second quarter from the sluggish pace at the beginning of the year. Nevertheless, she said economic growth has been uneven and clear downside risks remain a threat.

“Considerable uncertainty about the economic outlook remains,” she said.

“The latest readings on the labour market and the weak pace of investment illustrate one downside risk — that domestic demand might falter.” Added to that, Yellen said, are the challenges of slower growth and reform hurdles in China, and the referendum in Britain on Thursday on pulling out of the European Union, which could radically alter Europe’s economic framework.

“A UK vote to exit the European Union could have significant economic repercussions,” she told the panel. It could rupture what she called “a very important relationship “between Britain and the European continent, and could have an impact on the progress of European integration.

“It would usher in a period of uncertainty that is very hard to predict,” she added, warning of volatility in global markets.

Yellen was speaking days after the Fed’s policy body, the Federal Open Market Committee, turned more dovish in its view of the economy as it again kept its benchmark interest rate locked at an ultra low level on Wednesday.

While Yellen reiterated the FOMC’s expectations that it could increase the federal funds rate twice before the end of the year, ending 2016 close to 1.0 per cent, she also highlighted risks to the longer term.

She noted that a number of prominent economists have argued that slow productivity growth in the United States will continue in the future, dampening overall growth.

“We cannot rule out” that possibility, she said.

And she said that as long as other domestic weaknesses persist, like slow household formation and business investment, and if global risks remain significant, then the Fed needs to hold interest rates ultra-low “to keep the economy operating near its potential.” Yellen was speaking in semi-annual testimony to Congress on the state of the US economy and Federal Reserve monetary policy.

 Despite her concerns over the short-term outlook, Yellen reiterated that she and the FOMC were fairly confident in the medium-term outlook that growth will remain moderate, that companies will continue to hire workers at a steady pace and that inflation, which has been overly weak, will turn upward.

Even if Britain does move to break with the European Union, she rejected predictions that the US faces a possible recession this year. “I don’t think that’s the most likely case, but we just don’t know what will happen” after the Brexit vote, she said. “I remain quite optimistic.”

US markets showed little reaction to the Fed chair’s testimony. Near midday, Wall Street was trading close to break-even for the day, with the S&P 500 up 0.1pc. The dollar edged up slightly to $1.1256 against the euro and 104.56 yen.